Modulators of Immune Responses The Evolutionary Trail

The evolutionary perspective in immune regulation & models for immunotoxicology is the subject of this publication. There is growing realization that the evolution from invertebrate to vertebrate immune systems is essentially the addition of lymphoid components in vertebrate systems. Many researchers are therefore examining immune responsiveness & immune regulation & modulation in some 'non-traditional' or models other than mammals. Many of these models have led to the finding of similar pathways or factors in human systems. A multitude of immunotoxic compounds exist in the environment affecting all species in the food chain. Immunological & host-resistance assays are being used in toxicology safety assessment studies. Immunotoxicology is used in the assessment of ecotoxicity & risk assessment. Immune responsiveness is covered in a wide range of species: various aquatic invertebrates, earthworms, insects, marsupials, fish, amphibians, mice, rats, avian species & humans. This volume is the proceedings of a conference brought together by an international group of researchers studying various aspects of immune modulation & includes a special section on immunotoxicology.Stolen, J. S. is the author of 'Modulators of Immune Responses The Evolutionary Trail' with ISBN 9781887052009 and ISBN 1887052003.