Kinematic and Kinetic Evaluation of High Speed Backward Running

The purpose of the study was to investigate the kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with high-speed backward running (BR). Thirty male subjects from two groups (15 Elite who used BR during athletic competition and 15 Athletic habitual runners) performed running trials for each of the following conditions: maximum velocity BR (BRmax), 80% of maximum BR, 60% of maximum BR, maximum velocity forward running and FR (FRmax) at a velocity equal to BRmax. Sagittal view high speed video (200 Hz) and force platform data (1000 Hz) were obtained and the following parameters were evaluated: stride length, stride frequency, intrinsic support length, stance time, trunk angle, hip, knee and ankle ranges of motion, hip, knee and ankle loading rate, resultant active peak, time to resultant active peak, initial anterior-posterior (A-P) peak, and final A-P braking force. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to compare a) BR velocity conditions, b) equal efforts for BR and FR, and c) equal velocities for BR and FR.Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB OH is the author of 'Kinematic and Kinetic Evaluation of High Speed Backward Running', published 1999 under ISBN 9781423543862 and ISBN 1423543866.