Criminal Justice

Brief Table of Contents Part 1: The Foundations of Crime and Justice Chapter 1: "Criminal Justice" in America Chapter 2: Crime and the Nature of Law Chapter 3: Legal and Behavioral Aspects of Crime Chapter 4: Criminal Statistics and the Extent of Crime Chapter 5: The Process of Justice: An Overview Part 2: The Police Chapter 6: Police Systems in the United States: History and Structure Chapter 7: Enforcing the Law and Keeping the Peace: The Nature and Scope of Police Work Chapter 8: The Law of Arrest, Search, and Seizure: Police and the Constitution Chapter 9: Beyond the Limits of the Law: Police Crime, Corruption, and Brutality Part 3: The Courts Chapter 10: The Structure of American Courts Chapter 11: Judges, Prosecutors, and Other Performers at the Bar of Justice Chapter 12: The Business of the Court: From First Appearance through Trial Chapter 13: Sentencing, Appeal, and the Judgment of Death Part 4: Corrections Chapter 14: From Walnut Street to Alcatraz: The American Prison Experience Chapter 15: Penitentiaries, Prisons, and Other Correctional Institutions: A Look Inside the Inmate World Chapter 16: Prison Conditions and Inmate Rights Chapter 17: Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Correction Part 5: Juvenile Justice Chapter 18: Juvenile Justice: An Overview Glossary Credits Case Index Name Index Subject Index Detailed Table of Contents Part I: The Foundations of Crime and Justice Chapter 1: "Criminal Justice" in America The Emergence of Criminal Justice "Law and Order" and the "War on Crime" The President's Crime Commission The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Models of Criminal Justice The Due Process Model The Crime Control Model Key Factors in Criminal Justice Today The War on Drugs Women, Crime, and Criminal Justice Victims and Justice Terrorism, Criminal Justice, and the Constitution International and Cross-Cultural Perspectives Organization of This Book Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Chapter 2: Crime and the Nature of Law The Nature of Crime Crime as a Social Construct Crime as a Legal Construct Criminal Law Common Law Other Sources of Criminal Law Theories of Crime Causation Biological Theories Sociocultural Theories Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Chapter 3: Legal and Behavioral Aspects of Crime Legal Categories of Crime Criminal Homicide Assault Robbery Arson Burglary Property Offenses Sex Offenses Drug Law Violations Crimes Against Public Order and Safety Major Forms of Crime Domestic Violence Hate Crime White-Collar and Corporate Crime Organized Crime Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Chapter 4: Criminal Statistics and the Extent of Crime The Uniform Crime Reports Structure and Content The Extent of Crime Reliability of Estimates The UCR: An Evaluation Victim Survey Research The National Crime Victimization Survey Applications and Limitations of Victimization Surveys Self-Reported Criminal Behavior Other Sources of Data on Crime and Justice Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Chapter 5: The Process of Justice: An Overview Criminal Due Process Trial by Ordeal Inquisitorial Versus Adversarial Justice The Law of the Land The Bill of Rights Nationalization of the Bill of Rights Due Process of Law in the Early 2000s Substantive Due Process Procedural Due Process The Criminal Justice Process Prearrest Investigation Arrest Booking Initial Appearance Preliminary Hearing Determination of Formal Charges Arraignment The Trial Process Sentencing Appeals and Release Criminal Justice as a "System" Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Part II: The Police Chapter 6: Police Systems in the United States: History and Structure The Emergence of Modern Police Magistrates, Constables, Beadles, and Thief-Takers Henry Fielding and the Bow Street Runners Patrick Colquhoun and Sir Robert Peel Law and Order in Early America The Trans-Mississippi West Policing the Metropolis Police Systems in the United States Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Department of Justice Department of Homeland Security Treasury Department United States Postal Service Other Federal Law Enforcement Agencies State Police Agencies County and Municipal Policing Police in the Private Sector Volunteer Police and the Vigilante Tradition Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Chapter 7: Enforcing the Law and Keeping the Peace: The Nature and Scope of Police Work The Functions of Police The Role of Police The Right to Use Force The Police Bureaucracy Division of Labor Chain and Units of Command Rules, Regulations, and Discipline The Organization of Policing Patrol Detective Work Specialized Police Units Community Policing Women in Policing The Emergence of Women Police The Equal Opportunity Movement for Women in Policing The Current Status of Women in Policing Police Discretion and Selective Law Enforcement Situations Requiring Discretion Full Versus Selective Enforcement Factors in the Decision to Arrest Command Discretion The Police Subculture The Police Personality Sources of Stress Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Chapter 8: The Law of Arrest, Search, and Seizure: Police and the Constitution Search and Seizure Search Warrants Probable Cause Warrantless Search Search Incident to Arrest Stop-and-Frisk Automobile Searches Fresh Pursuit Consent Searches Other Warrantless Searches The "Plain View" Doctrine The Exclusionary Rule Weeks v. United States Wolf v. Colorado Mapp v. Ohio Custodial Interrogation Twining v. New Jersey Brown v. Mississippi The Prompt Arraignment Rule Confessions and Counsel Miranda v. Arizona Show Ups and Lineups DNA and Other Nontestimonial Exemplars Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and Literature Resources Endnotes Chapter 9: Beyond the Limits of the Law: Police Crime, Corruption, and Brutality Police Corruption Meals and Services Kickbacks Opportunistic Theft Planned Theft and Robbery Shakedowns Protection Case Fixing Private Security Patronage Explanations of Police Corruption The Society-at-Large Explanation The Structural Explanation The Rotten-Apple Explanation Police Violence Police Brutality Deadly Force Tasers and Nonlethal Use of Force Controlling Police Misconduct Legislative Control Civilian Review Boards Police Control Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Summary Key Terms Issues for Discussion Media and LiteratuInciardi, James A. is the author of 'Criminal Justice ', published 2006 under ISBN 9780073252315 and ISBN 007325231X.